Radial Codes

Radial codes are an evolution of the matrix code where the data is stored in relation to a radial axis from the centre of the circular form used for the code.  Forms of radial codes inlcude:

• ShotCode - a circular code designed at Cambridge University in 1999.
• MaxiCode - a hexagonal grid of dots arranged in concentric circles around a "Target", created and used by United Parcel Service

Basic Characteristics

Our research has identified two main forms of 2D barcodes - Matrix Codes and Radial (Polar Coordinate) Codes.

• Matrix Codes
• Radial Codes

One of the key differentiators for the use of 2D barcodes is the data capacity they offer.  Due to the use of both horizontal and vertical axes, the data can be stored in a much smaller area when compared to traditional barcodes, like those used in shops.  The table shows potential data capacity and usage options for five of the main symbologies.

The actual data capacity of a 2D barcode is dependent on a number of factors.  These include the media choice, the final size of the presentation allowing for the resolution of the dots used in the printing process (Appendix D) and the level of error correction required (Appendix E).

With the higher data capacities available in 2D barcodes, a number of different types of message can be encoded in the barcode.  This allows for a wide range of potential uses, though the intepretation of the message is generally dependent on the capabilities of the reader.

The different message types allow for different modes of operation for publishers and subscribers of 2D barcodes.  These are a choice of a push mode or a pull mode.

Introduction

This online report discusses the potential use of 2-Dimensional (2D) Barcodes within New Zealand.  This is an applied use of a common piece of technology, the mobile phone camera, that takes data in the form of a binary image and turns it into information.

One version of this application has been in active use in Japan sunce 1995 and has evolved from a way of tracking car parts to mobile tagging where information is now quickly and easily retrieved by most current Japanese mobile phone (Appendix A).

The report will outline the basic characteristics of this evolution of tradtional barcodes, the types of industries and ways that these industries could use 2D barcodes and finally any issues and barriers to the form adoption of this technology.

The barcode has evolved from the one dimensional form widely adopted in the retail industry since the 1950's to the current forms of 2D barcodes now in circulation and being applied to diverse industries outside of retail.  This evolution has resulted in higher data capacity and greater flexibility of use, all in a smaller presentation area.

Why use 2D Barcodes?